近日一组数据显示，一种引起胃癌的病菌，在我国有超过50%人群被感染，是胃癌帮凶，这种病菌就是幽门螺杆菌。

以往深居胃黏膜的幽门螺杆菌还算“安分”，但近年的研究发现幽门螺杆菌并没有那么老实，不仅与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌有关，还可引起其它器官和组织疾病，特别是心血管疾病、贫血以及特发性血小板减少等。

如果不注意，幽门螺杆菌将引发胃癌        

人体一旦感染幽门螺杆菌，正常的胃黏膜会产生炎症，即发生慢性浅表性胃炎和慢性萎缩性胃炎。若不进行干预或医治胃黏膜细胞将不堪重负，完成不了修复任务，只能用肠道细胞去修复，进一步可能导致多种病变甚至恶变为癌，堪称致癌界老大。

而幽门螺杆菌的传播途径非常简单，那就是：吃。

儿童感染幽门螺杆菌多数是被长辈传染。特别在我国，老一辈人以及部分家长喜欢口对口地给孩子喂饭；或将食物嚼碎后再喂；又或者不自觉地用舌头感知食物、奶嘴的温度，有些家长还会跟孩子吃同一碗饭。

如今越来越多人开始钟爱西餐、日餐，牛排七分熟甚至三分熟就吃，涮火锅肉还没烫熟就下肚了，这就为感染幽门螺杆菌埋下了隐患。

幽门螺杆菌传染性很强，是属于“吃进去的病菌”，常见的传染方式是通过“口传口”传播。如几个人一起吃饭时不使用公筷，互相夹菜，都可能会造成传染。此外不干净的餐具也会造成感染。

而幽门螺旋杆菌非常顽固，对于幽门螺旋杆菌症状较轻的，更需要我们在日常生活中的预防，如：在外聚餐多用公筷，父母长辈一定要改掉口对口喂饭孩子的情况，餐具要定期消毒等。

而对于幽门螺旋杆菌已对胃造成损害的，除了配合医治还应加强胃部的抗病力。岩藻多糖是一种存在于褐藻的黏液里的一类含有岩藻糖和硫酸基团的多糖。医学界正在对岩藻多糖进行各种生物功能的研究，已经在国际医学期刊发表上千篇论文研究，证实岩藻多糖具有多种生物功能，如清除幽门螺杆菌、抗肿瘤、改善胃肠道、抗氧化、增强免疫力、抗血栓、降血压、抗病毒等作用。

《Helicobacter》杂志研究报道：清除幽门螺杆菌的秘密武器——岩藻多糖

①目前，针对幽门螺杆菌的根除，主要依赖于抗生素疗法，但是受到细菌耐药性，以及患者依从性等因素的影响，根除效率并不尽如人意；

②岩藻多糖是来自于褐藻中的含硫酸基的多糖物质，具有广泛的生物活性，包括抗粘附、抗氧化、免疫调节及抗感染作用；

③本文综述了岩藻多糖对幽门螺杆菌的作用效果，岩藻多糖的主要靶标是胃黏膜细胞受体；

④岩藻多糖具有多种抗炎症及抗溃疡作用果，能够阻止幽门螺杆菌在胃黏膜的粘附，减少幽门螺杆菌生物被膜的形成（细菌形成生物被膜是一个动态的过程，主要可分为四个阶段：细菌可逆性粘附的定殖阶段、不可逆性粘附的集聚阶段、生物被膜的成熟阶段和细菌的脱落与再定植阶段），抑制幽门螺杆菌的入侵及感染；

⑤结论：岩藻多糖可以作为一种清除体内幽门螺杆菌的新型制剂。

关键词：岩藻多糖；幽门螺杆菌；Helicobacter ；Fucoidan

延伸阅读

Helicobacter 2015, 20: 89–97.

Review: Prospects for the Use of Extracts and Polysaccharides from Marine Algae to Prevent and Treat the Diseases Caused by Helicobacter Pylori

Abstract:

Helicobacter pylori possesses a broad spectrum of pathogenic factors that allow it to survive and colonize the gastric mucosa, and thus, the pathogenetic targets, which have the same diversity, require search for and the development of alternative, effective, and innocuous means for the eradication of H. pylori. In recent years, fucoidans have been extensively studied due to the numerous interesting biological activities, including the anti-adhesive, anti-oxidative, antitoxic, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, and anti-infection effects. This review summarizes the data on the effects of extracts and sulfated polysaccharides of marine algae, mainly fucoidans, on pathogenic targets in Helicobacter infection. The pathogenetic targets for therapeutic agents after H. pylori infection, such as flagellas, urease, and other enzymes, including adhesins, cytotoxin A (VacA), phospholipase, and L-8, are characterized here. The main target for the sulfated polysaccharides of seaweed is cell receptors of the gastric mucosa. This review presents the published data about the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides on the gastric mucosa. It is known that fucoidan and other sulfated polysaccharides from algae have anti-ulcer effects, prevent the adhesion of H. pylori to, and reduce the formation of biofilm. The authors speculate that the effect of sulfated polysaccharides on the infectious process caused by H. pylori is related to their action on innate and adaptive immunity cells, and also anti-oxidant and antitoxic potential. Presented in the review are materials indicated for the study of extracts and sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed during H. pylori infection, as these compounds are characterized by multimodality actions. Based on the analysis of literary materials in recent years, the

authors concluded that fucoidan can be attributed to the generation of new

candidates to create drugs intended for the inclusion in the scheme of eradication therapy of H. pylori infection.

First Authors:

Natalya N. Besednova

Correspondence:

Tatyana A. Kuznetsov

All Authors:

Natalya N. Besednova, Tatyana S. Zaporozhets, Larisa M. Somova and Tatyana A. Kuznetsova

2015-08-15 Article